FRONT PAGE UPDATE 

WATER POLO

(Rule numbers used in this document are those in the 2009-10 rules book), with

reference, if necessary, to old rule number)

The NFHS is calling to the attention of all schools, referees and coaches the

following risk management warnings:

1. Players shall enter the water feet first at all times. The referee must point

out the rule to a representative of the host institution whose players

are not in compliance with the rule. If the situation persists, the

referee must notify the appropriate authority as determined by the

state association or section (each state association or section must

draw up guidelines for the reporting of non-compliant

coaches/schools). No game penalties may be instituted nor does the

games official contact the school directly subsequent to the game.

2. Before the start of the game, the referees shall meet with facility personnel

for the purpose of knowing how to summon emergency assistance

should it be required. This includes agreement on appropriate signals

(whistles) to summon aid as well as awareness of facility personnel

who will summon first responders.

Rationale: In order to make these risk management warnings readily

available for all users of the rules book, these risk management

warnings were incorporated into the rules book in the Instructions to

Referees and Points of Emphasis for Coaches and Referees and also

prior to Rule 1.

Added to this instruction is the following: Referees must be aware of the

situation where an offensive and defensive player "lock-up" (face each other

and hold each other to prevent the free movement of either player). The

referee must attempt to punish the player (either offense or defense) who

initiates the contact in this situation. If both players are holding, then the

offensive player must release the defensive player before initiating a drive or

receiving a pass, or be called for an offensive foul (Rule 20-9 and Rule 20-

10). If the defensive player does not release the offensive player, the

defender should be excluded for holding (Rule 21-8).

In pools over two meters (6.5 feet) deep, the rules are very clear and should

be applied as written. For pools with shallow ends less than two meters deep,

referees are instructed to apply the following rules or points of emphasis.

Rules 20-9 and 21-8: A new instruction to referees is included in the special

case of a shallow bottom pool.

Under Ordinary Fouls, Rule 20-9 states, "To impede or otherwise prevent

Under Exclusion Fouls, Rule 21-8 states, "To hold, sink or pull back an

In the special case of games played in shallow bottom pools referees are

instructed as follows: A defensive player who uses the bottom to otherwise

impede or hold an offensive player and to prevent him/her from moving will

be excluded for 20 seconds for holding under Rule 21-8. Even if this foul

might otherwise have been viewed as impeding under Rule 20-9, in this

special situation using the shallow bottom will be considered an exclusion

foul. This rule is to be applied whether the offensive player is holding the

ball or not.

This rule also applies to the situation where a defensive player uses the

bottom to improve his/her defensive position and to take away an advantage

created by the offense. For example, if the ball is passed into the 2m player

and a defender guarding another player launches him/herself off the bottom

in order to slough or crash on the 2m player, this will be deemed a violation

of this rule as the defender has now been able to impede the offense by use

of the bottom. This would also apply to a defender on the perimeter who

uses the bottom to take away an advantage gained by an offensive player on

a drive.

Rationale: The goal of this instruction is to increase the consistency of the

punishment for inappropriate use of the bottom by either the offense or

defense in a pool involving a shallow bottom (less than two meters deep)

and to decrease the number of times a player chooses to use the bottom

during a game because of the deterrent effect of a severe punishment

(exclusion or contra foul) for doing so.

Before the game the referees shall ensure that the field of play, game

equipment, suits and caps comply with the rules, make any corrections

possible at that time, and report any deficiencies to the administrator in

charge and afterwards to the state association office, school athletic director,

and assigning authority, unless determined otherwise by state association

policy, in order that these may be corrected (see Rule 7-7).

Rationale: This change makes this reporting requirement conform with the

revised reporting requirements in Rule 7-7.

NOTE:This difference in the sound of the clock buzzers is required as of

July 1, 2009.

Rationale: This requirement is necessary to eliminate confusion between the sounds

of the buzzers of the game clock and shot clock. This was recommended for

immediate implementation as of July 1, 2006, and required as of July 1,

2009.

NOTE: The use of metric units for the 2-meter mark is required as of July 1,

2009.

Rationale: Prior to this time the 2-meter mark could be measured in either

meters or in yards. The required use of meters instead of yards for the 2-

meter mark standardizes the length of all markings on the sides of the pool.

This change was recommended for immediate implementation as of July 1,

2008, and required as of July 1, 2009.

NOTE: The use of metric units for the re-entry area is required as of July 1,

2009.

Rationale: Prior to this time the re-entry area could be measured in either

meters or yards. The required use of meters standardizes the size of the reentry

area. This change was recommended for immediate implementation as

of July 1, 2008, and required as of July 1, 2009.

NOTE: It is recommended that each team either have a replacement set of

caps readily available so that a cap with the same number can be used for

replacement if a cap is lost or damaged during the game or have additional

cap numbers available of the original set. If a replacement cap is not

available, a player may change cap number with the permission of a referee

and with notification by the referee to the game secretary and the coach of

the opposing team, but may not use either the cap number of a player

previously excluded from the remainder of the game or the cap number of a

player who has any personal fouls. If a goalkeeper and field player change

positions, the goalkeeper must use a different numbered cap when he/she

moves into the field if there are any personal fouls charged to the cap

number of the field player moving into the goal. The name of the field player

moving into the goal must be written on a different line on the scoresheet

(1A, for example) and any fouls previously charged to that field player must

be transferred to that line on the scoresheet and lined out on the line for the

original cap number.

Rationale: This note replaces the original note and ensures that personal

fouls are charged to the correct player, not to a particular cap number.

If a player has three personal fouls but was not visibly red-flagged by the

desk, the player shall be removed from the water as soon as the error is

discovered. The offended team may elect to either

a. Reset the game clock to the time the player with three personal fouls reentered

the pool or, if that player had not left the field of play, to the time of

the third personal foul

b. The offended team may elect to not reset the game clock, keeping all

goals scored and fouls assessed during this period of time as recorded. The

player with three personal fouls would be replaced with a substitute and play

continues from that point.

Rationale: This clarifies when the game clock is reset and to what time.

Several additional interpretations are also provided.

INTERPRETATION: A team may have co-head coaches; however, one

must be designated before the game as head coach for that game. This coach

is the only coach who can stand during play, move up to the 5-meter line

while on offense, and speak to the referees at the times permitted. These two

individuals can alternate in subsequent games, but must always inform the

referees before the game who is the head coach for that game.

Rationale: The privileges of the head coach only apply to one coach in a

game.

The women's suit must have a solid high back with broad straps. The

goalkeeper may wear either this type of suit or a competitive one-piece suit

with straps at least one inch in width (the straps may not be spaghetti straps).

Rationale: This clarifies that the field player's suit for women must have a

solid high back and that the goalkeeper may wear a different competitive

one-piece suit, provided that the straps are not spaghetti straps.

12. Rule 7-1-2 Referee Authority

The referees must be present at least 15 minutes prior to the game.

Rationale: This time is necessary in order for the referees to conduct both

the pregame inspection of facilities and the pregame meeting of the referees

and captains. The jurisdiction of the referees begins at this time.

There shall be at least one authorized school staff member, such as a head

coach, assistant coach, athletic administrator, etc., on the bench to oversee

the team and bench personnel at all times. Only those persons meeting the

state association standards shall be eligible to meet this requirement. If the

head coach receives a red card, the referees shall allow two minutes for an

authorized school staff member to take the bench to assume coaching

responsibilities. If no authorized school staff member is available, the game

shall be declared a forfeit.

Rationale: There must be at least one school staff member on the bench to

assume responsibility for the conduct of the team.

Interpretation: A spectator sounds an air horn during play. Since an air

horn may be used by the team to call a time-out or may be used by the

timekeeper to signal the end of the period, the sound of an air horn is

confusing to both the referees and the players. The referee should request the

host institution to remove the disruptive spectator from the pool area.

Rationale: This clarifies that it is the responsibility of host institution (not

the referee) to remove a disruptive spectator from the pool area.

The referees shall report:

a. Any conduct that requires a suspension from the remainder of the game

for misconduct as well as for any conduct that also requires

suspension from future games (flagrant misconduct, or for receipt of

a red card or for misconduct [in some associations]), to the state

association and the commissioner of the local association (when

applicable). Should the player/coach be from a different state and/or

local association, the host state and/or local association shall be

responsible for notifying the second state association and/or local

association of the reportable offense, who will then be responsible to

notify the principal of the offending school.

b. Any issues with the field of play, non-conforming caps or suits,

abandonment of game, forfeit of game, etc., committed by a

competing school to the state association office, school athletic

director, and the assigning authority, in order that these may be

corrected.

NOTE: Each state association shall establish its requirements for reporting.

Each state association may also determine whether an additional

game suspension is required for the foul of misconduct. This

suspension is in addition to the required suspension from the

remainder of the game in which this foul occurred.

Rationale: This adds misconduct to the list of reportable offenses. It also

provides a method for reporting offenses committed by a player from a team

that belongs to a different association to that team's state association or

section.

A game may be declared a forfeit if a team

a. fails to follow the water polo rules as stated in this book;

b. is not ready to start the game within 30 minutes of the announced starting

time, unless there is mutual consent between the competing

institutions to wait an additional period of time; or

c. decides not to complete the game.

Rationale: The current rules provide a penalty for withdrawal of a team

from tournament play but do not state clearly what happens if a team decides

not to complete a non-tournament game.

If a player throws the ball into a vacant area of the pool before the expiration

of 30 seconds, the referee shall not blow the whistle until the shot clock

expires. The shot clock is then reset, and both the game clock and the shot

clock are started when the ball is put into play by the opposing team at the

site of the free throw.

Rationale: This change is required due to the elimination of the ordinary

foul of wasting time. The foul is to keep the ball for more than 30 seconds

without shooting (Rule 20-16).

Note: In the case of game exclusions that are required to be reported by

NFHS rules (misconduct, flagrant misconduct or receipt of a red card) or for

any additional conduct that is required to be reported by a state association,

the scorekeeper must note the reason for the game exclusion (for example Egame

misconduct) on the scoresheet. The secretary may use E-game for

other game exclusions that are not required to be reported, such as for

interference with a penalty shot or for entrance of a player not entitled to

participate.

Rationale: Since the scoresheet is the official record of the game, all game

exclusions that must be reported to the state association or section, must be

noted with the reason on the scoresheet.

NOTE: The tournament host may decide to have a 30-second time-out

replace one of the regular time-outs.……The coach calling the 30-second

time-out may move along the sideline to the half-distance line during the 30-

second time-out and the players may swim to the side of the pool to receive

instructions from the coach.

Rationale: This clarifies that the coach calling a 30-second time-out move

along the sideline to the half-distance line.

20. Rule 12-6 Charging a Time-out

NOTE: No timeout is charged to the team calling the improper time-out in

Rules 12-4, 5, and 6.

Rationale: The punishment awarded to the team calling the improper timeout

in these rules listed is the loss of the ball in Rules 12-4 and 12-6 and the

award of a penalty shot in Rule 12-5.

Add the following as NOTE 1: No player may pull the end line forward.

Add NOTE 2: If a center sprint is used, the sprinter must not have his/her

feet on the goal in an attempt to push off at the start or restart of the game.

Rationale: These changes clarify that a player may not pull the end line

forward or push off the goal to gain an advantage.

A goal does not count if the ball is shot illegally (for example, …..shot

directly on a corner throw).

Rationale: A direct shot may not be scored if the ball is shot from inside the

5-meter line. Therefore, a goal may not be scored if a corner throw is shot

directly at the goal.

It is an ordinary foul to hold or push off from the goal posts or their fixtures,

to hold or push off from the sides or ends of the pool during actual play or at

the start of the period.

Rationale: This revision clarifies that a player may not push off from the

goal posts or from the sides or ends of the pool at the start or at any time

during the game and eliminates the reference to gutters.

It is an ordinary foul to use the bottom. NOTE: However, see Points of

Emphasis No. 22 for play in a pool with a shallow bottom.

Rationale: this rule refers to the Points of Emphasis for the more severe

penalty in a pool with a shallow bottom.

25. Rule 20-8 Using Two Hands

It is an ordinary foul to touch the ball with two hands at the same time. This

rule shall not apply to the goalkeeper while within the goalkeeper's 5-meter

area.

NOTE: It is an exclusion foul (Rule 21-6) or penalty foul if inside 5 meters

(Rule 22-2-b) to attempt to block a shot or pass with two hands.

Rationale: The change in this note is required to make this rule agree with

the changes in Rule 21-6 and Rule 22-2-b.

It is an ordinary foul for a player of the team in possession of the ball to

commit an offense under Rule 20-9 (to impede an opponent) or Rule 20-10

(to push or push off from an opponent) before a free throw, goal throw or

corner throw is taken.

Rationale: Rules 20-9 and 20-10 state that it is an ordinary foul to impede or

push or push off from an opponent with no distinction made whether the

player is on offense or on defense or if these occur before or after the ball is

put into play. Elimination of this rule is part of the elimination of the special

penalty for a foul committed during dead time.

It is an ordinary foul to last touch the ball that goes out of the side of the

field of play (including the ball rebounding from the side of the field of play

above water level) except in the case of a defensive field player blocking a

shot over the side of the field of play, in which case a free throw is given to

the defensive team.

Rationale: This eliminates the use of the words "send the ball out of the side

of the pool" and clarifies the actual meaning of the rule.

Eliminate the entire wasting time rule and the notes associated with the rule.

Rationale: The elimination of the foul of wasting time means that a team no

longer must advance the ball towards the offensive end of the pool. There

was inconsistency as to when the foul is called (calls tend to be made more

often in the last minute of the game).The required change in the directions

for the referee and timers is added to Rule 9-2.

It is an exclusion foul to attempt to block a pass or shot with two hands

outside the 5-meter area.

NOTE: If a defending player who is outside the 5-meter area raises two

hands in an attempt to block a pass or shot, the player shall be excluded. The

player does not actually have to touch the ball and a shot or pass does not

have to be actually taken. The player is being punished for intent.

INTERPRETATION: A player may put two hands up to show that the

player is not fouling the attacking player However, the player must

immediately lower one hand if the player attempts to shoot or pass.

Rationale: This eliminates the ambiguous term "to play the ball" and adds

attempting to block a pass with two hands to this rule.

It is an exclusion foul to be guilty of misconduct, including the use of

obscene, abusive, threatening language or gestures, violent or persistent foul

play, overaggressive fouls, or to refuse obedience to or show disrespect for a

referee or official.

Rationale: Violent play is moved to Rule 21-11, Flagrant Misconduct, as

violent play is a more serious foul than persistent foul play or committing an

overaggressive foul.

If misconduct occurs during a time-out, the player is excluded for the

remainder of the game with immediate substitution, the teams start even up

after the time-out, no matter which team committed the foul, with a free

throw by the team in possession of the ball and the shot clock is not reset. If

a minor act of misconduct occurs during a time-out, the player is excluded

for 20 seconds with immediate substitution, the teams start even up after the

time-out, no matter which team committed the foul, with a free throw by the

team in possession of the ball and the shot clock is not reset. ……

Rationale: This clarifies that the shot clock is not reset during a timeout.

This corrects an error in the rule book.

It is an exclusion foul to commit flagrant misconduct (including playing in

a violent manner, kicking, striking, attempting to kick or strike with

malicious intent, fighting or biting) against an opponent or official, whether

during play (including any stoppages or time-outs) or during the intervals

between periods of play.

Remainder of rule the same.

Rationale: "Violent play" was moved to Rule 21-11, Flagrant Misconduct,

as violent play is a more serious foul than an overaggressive foul.

It is an exclusion foul for a player of the team not in possession of the ball to

commit any of the following offenses before a free throw, goal throw, corner

throw or penalty throw is taken or for a player of either team to commit any

of the following offenses before a neutral throw is taken:

Rule 20-9 to impede an opponent

Rule 20-10 to push or push off from an opponent

Rule 21-4 to Rule 21-11 to commit an exclusion foul

The original throw (including any neutral throw) shall be maintained. The

player shall be excluded from the remainder of the game where the rules so

provide.

Rationale: This is part of the elimination of the concept of dead time. See

Point of Emphasis #3. The punishment for an ordinary foul is the same if it

is committed in the time before the ball leaves the hand of the player putting

the ball into play or after the ball leaves the hand of the player putting the

ball into play (the term "in play" or "during play" encompasses both these

periods of time) or if committed by the offense or by the defense. The term

"dead time" is no longer used for the period of time before the ball leaves the

hand of the player taking the free throw.

ART. 1…It is an exclusion foul for a player of each team to commit any of

the following offenses simultaneously before a free throw, goal throw,

corner throw, penalty throw or neutral throw is taken:

Rule 20-9 to impede an opponent

Rule 20-10 to push or push off from an opponent

Rule 21-4 to Rule 21-11 to commit an exclusion foul

ART.1 In the case of simultaneous exclusion of players of opposing teams

during play, both players are excluded for 20 seconds and the team on attack

shall maintain possession of the ball. The referee shall take the ball from the

water and make sure that both teams and the secretaries know who is

excluded. The shot clock is reset. Players shall be excluded from the

remainder of the game where the rules so provide. Play is restarted by a

player of the team which had possession of the ball when the simultaneous

fouls were committed at the point of the foul or behind.

Remainder of Article 1, Note, and Interpretation unchanged.

ART. 2 If offenses are committed simultaneously at the taking of a penalty

throw……….. Rule and Interpretation unchanged.

ART. 3 If offenses are committed simultaneously at the taking of a neutral

throw, both players shall be excluded and the referee shall restart the play

with a neutral throw. Rule and interpretation unchanged.

When a player of each team commits a penalty foul simultaneously during

play, … Rule unchanged.

Rationale: The rule now includes how the ball is put into play when simultaneous

personal fouls are committed. The wording of this rule was changed to

reflect the elimination of the concept of dead time. The term "during play"

encompasses both before and after the ball is put into play. The original

throw is not maintained in a simultaneous exclusion fouls. The ball is put

into play at the point of the foul or behind.

Rationale: The deletion of this rule concerning the penalty for an offensive

exclusion fouls committed before ball put into play is part of the elimination

of the concept of dead time. An exclusion foul committed by a member of

the team on offense during the time between the awarding of a free throw

and the time the ball was put into play will have the same penalty as one

committed after the ball is put into play.

Delete the entire rule and renumber.

Rationale: Articles 1 and 2 are covered in the new Rule 21-12. Article 3 is

deleted.

It is a penalty foul for a defending player to commit any of the following offenses

within the 5-meter area but for which a goal would probably have resulted.

NOTES: In addition to other offenses preventing a probable goal, it is an offense

within the meaning of this rule:

b. for a defending player to attempt to block a shot or pass with two hands;

c. for a defending player to play the ball with two hands;

Interpretation 3: A defensive player uses two hands inside the 5-meter area

to pull back a ball on the water to prevent it from drifting into the goal. A

penalty foul is called against that player.

d. Interpretation 2. The goalkeeper leaves the goal and sinks an offensive

player to prevent a goal or pulls back an offensive player to prevent a goal.

A penalty foul is awarded against the goalkeeper for committing a foul

within the 5-meter area to prevent a probable goal.

Remainder of rule is unchanged.

Rationale: This change makes it clear that a penalty foul is awarded for

blocking a shot with two hands, for blocking a pass with two hands if the

pass would have lead to a probable goal, or for playing the ball with two

hands within the 5-meter area if it prevents a probable goal.

A player rendered unconscious or apparently unconscious during a game

shall not be permitted to resume participation that day without written

authorization from a physician (MD/DO).

Rationale: This is an important safety rule and is consistent with the

language in other NFHS rules books.

NOTE:Whenever possible, the referees shall position themselves on

opposite sides of the pool. If the two sides of the pool are parallel and do not

have significant obstructions, each referee shall referee to the right. If this is

not possible, due to an obstruction on one side of the pool, each referee shall

referee to the left.

Rationale: This restores directions that were formerly in the rules book for

the position of referees in a pool that has a major obstruction on one side of

the pool. If the pool is L-shaped, the referees usually will have to be on the

same side of the pool in order to have the best vantage point of the game.

Delete entire instruction and renumber.

Rationale: This deletion is due to the deletion of Rule 21-18-3 in the 2008-9

rules book.

When players of both teams commit an exclusion foul simultaneously during

play, the offending players shall be excluded. The referee shall call the ball

from the water and make sure both teams and the secretaries know who is

excluded. The shot clock is reset and play is restarted with a free throw

awarded to the team that had possession of the ball at the time the

simultaneous exclusion fouls were called. The free throw is taken at the

point of the foul or behind. If neither team had possession of the ball when

the simultaneous exclusions were called, play shall be restarted with a

neutral throw.

Rationale: This change makes the instructions for putting the ball into play

after simultaneous exclusion fouls conform with the changes in Rule 21-12.

To indicate the ordinary foul of keeping the ball for more than 30 seconds of

actual play without shooting.

Rationale: The foul is to keep the ball more than 30 seconds without

shooting. Therefore, "wasting time" was deleted from this description.

SWIMMING

INDIANAPOLIS, IN (August 11, 2009) - High-tech swimsuits that
have been linked to record performances at all levels of competition the
past couple of years have been banned for high school competition,
effective immediately. 
The National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS)
Swimming and Diving Rules Committee approved changes to Rule 3-2-2 that
will make the high-tech swimsuit no longer a legal suit for swimmers at
the high school level. The committee's recommendations were subsequently
approved by the NFHS Board of Directors. 
Effective immediately, swimmers shall be limited to one
swimsuit, which shall be constructed of a woven/knit textile material,
permeable to water and air, constructed so as not to aid in buoyancy,
and shall not contain zippers or other fastening systems. In addition,
the suit shall be constructed so that the style/shape for males shall
not extend above the waist or below the top of the kneecap and for
females shall not extend beyond the shoulders or below the top of the
kneecap, and it shall not cover the neck. 
"These high-tech suits had fundamentally altered the sport and
become more similar to equipment, rather than a uniform," said Becky
Oakes, NFHS assistant director and liaison to the Swimming and Diving
Rules Committee. "The rules of swimming have always prohibited the use
or wearing of items that would aid in the swimmer's speed and/or
buoyancy. The technical suits and styles had evolved to a point where
there was little, if any, compliance with these basic rules," Oakes
said. 
The committee discussed the high-tech swimsuit issue at its
meeting in March, but did not have enough factual information to take
action at that time. 
"With new developments in the swimming community, the committee
knew that in order to preserve the integrity, tradition and heritage of
the sport, as well as protect and enhance the interscholastic swimming
program, these new requirements were necessary to promote fair play and
the educational values of high school and could not wait for another
year," Oakes said. "The immediate implementation date, including style,
will help guarantee fairness in competition throughout the high school
swimming seasons and allow meet officials to fairly and consistently
enforce the rule." 
The following link to the NFHS Web site contains complete
information on the new swimsuit requirements, as well as the penalties
for violation of the uniform rule:

following changes to Rule 3-3-2 with an immediate implementation date for the 2009-10 school year.

Rule Change and Rationale
Rule 3-3-2, page 20 in 2009-10 Swimming & Diving Rules Book

New ART. 2…Suits worn by swimmers shall be limited to the following requirements:
a. only one swimsuit shall be permitted in competition. (A swimmer with special needs may request customization through his/her school to the state association.)
b. the swimsuit shall be:
1. constructed of a woven/knit textile material;
2. permeable (100 percent to air and water);
3. made so as not to aid in buoyancy and shall not be altered to aid in buoyancy;
4. made with no zippers or other fastening system other than a waist tie for a brief or jammer and elastic material within the casing/ribbing in the terminal ends (straps, leg openings, and waist openings); and
5. constructed so that the style/shape of the suit for males shall not extend above the waist nor below the top of the kneecap and for females shall not extend beyond the shoulders nor below the top of the kneecap, nor cover the neck.

Penalty (For ART. 2): When an official discovers a competitor wearing an illegal swimsuit by the wearing of two suits or a suit which is of an illegal construction, the official shall:
1. when reporting prior to the start of the heat, notify the competitor to make legal the swimsuit before becoming eligible to compete. If the competitor cannot comply without delaying the start of the heat, the competitor is disqualified from that event and shall not be eligible for further competition until in a legal swimsuit.
2. when the competitor has stepped up on the starting platform but prior to the starting device being activated, direct the competitor to “Step down,” disqualify the competitor from that event and he/she shall not be eligible for further competition until in a legal swimsuit;
3. when the starting device has been activated, disqualify the competitor at the completion of the heat; nullify the competitor’s performance time and he/she shall not be eligible for further competition until in a legal swimsuit. 

Rationale: Technical swimsuits were introduced to the world of swimming approximately two years ago. The advanced technology fundamentally altered the sport, and swimwear became more of a piece of equipment as opposed to a uniform. The rules of swimming have always prohibited the wearing or use of an item that would aid in the swimmer’s speed or buoyancy. The technical suits have evolved with little or no regard for these basic rules. In order to preserve the integrity, tradition and heritage of the sport, as well as protect and enhance the interscholastic swimming program, the new requirements and restrictions on swimwear are necessary to promote the educational values of high school athletics by promoting fair play. The immediate implementation date will guarantee fairness in competition throughout the high school swimming seasons and allow the meet officials to fairly and consistently enforce the rule.

The issue of the introduction and use of the technical swimsuit has been perhaps one of the most controversial in the sport of swimming at all levels. The NFHS Swimming & Diving Rules Committee has diligently monitored the developments surrounding the impact of the suits and evolving rules. The committee and the Board of Directors, once sound information was available, took immediate action in order to preserve the integrity of our high school swimming programs and bring back the fairness in competition that is expected to be present in our education-based athletic competitions. 

BASEBALL RULE CHANGES FOR 2010

 A change to Rule 1-3-2 regarding bat specifications was made in the hope it will clarify bat compliance. The rule, which will be effective January 1, 2012, specifies that the bat should be a “smooth cylinder implement from the top of the cap to the top of the knob.”
“The committee was looking to clarify the rule and make the purchase of bats an easier process,” said Elliot Hopkins, NFHS director of educational services and liaison to the Baseball Rules Committee. “We want to make sure that kids and parents know what is permissible.”
The change will also require that all non-wood bats meet the Batted Ball Coefficient of Restitution (BBCOR) performance standard, which is the standard used by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Formerly, non-wood bats had to meet the Ball Exit Speed Ratio (BESR) standard. 
The new rule also states that non-wood bats must be labeled with a rectangular certification mark “a minimum of a half-inch on each side and located on the barrel of the bat in any contrasting color.” The new standard ensures that performances by non-wood bats are more comparable to those of wood bats. It’s also expected to minimize risk, improve play and increase teaching opportunities.
“After working with the NCAA and having access to its research, we’ve concluded it’s in our best interest to make this change,” Hopkins said. “BBCOR includes the BESR standard, so we’re actually expanding upon our current standard, which will be more appropriate for our age and skill level.”
Another major rule addition applies to assistant coaches and their behavior during the game. Rule 3-3-1g6 prohibits any member of the coaching staff who is not the head coach from leaving “the vicinity of the dugout or coaching box to dispute a judgment call by an umpire.” The penalty for this infraction is that both the head coach and the offending coach will be restricted to the dugout for the remainder of the game. If severe enough, the umpire also has the authority to eject the offending coach and/or the head coach.
The intention of this change is to cut down on the disruptive and counterproductive behavior of assistant coaches. It also reinforces to head coaches that they are responsible for their staff and players. 
“The committee found that assistant coaches were taking license with their roles and becoming disruptive,” Hopkins said. “By doing that, they’re sending the wrong message to their players. It’s one thing to ask the official for a clarification, but it’s another to challenge and charge an umpire. We cannot and will not allow that.”
A clarification was made to Rule 1-2-4 concerning the temporary extension of dugouts. The modified rule explains that when the dugout is to be temporarily extended, it shall be extended toward the outfield and not toward home plate. 
The final adjustment was made to Rule 7-4-1f, concerning the instances when a batter will be declared out. The change reads that the batter is out if “any member of the offensive team or coach other than the runner interferes with a fielder who is attempting to field a foul fly ball.” The addition of the phrase “other than the runner” clarifies the responsibility of the runner and that the runner — not the batter — will be declared out for the runner’s interference.
“Previously, it just wasn’t fair to the batter,” Hopkins explained. “If the runner interferes with the defense, it’s not the batter’s fault. It was the runner who created the infraction, so the runner will be called out.”

    SOFTBALL CHANGES FOR 2010 AND 2011...

Effective with the 2010-11 school year, the pitching distance for high school varsity softball pitchers will increase from 40 feet to 43 feet. .....NOT 2009-2010

The new pitching distance was one of four rules revisions made by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) Softball Rules Committee at its annual meeting June 8-10 in Indianapolis . The rules changes subsequently were approved by the NFHS Board of Directors.

Although the new pitching distance is mandatory beginning with the 2010-11 school year, NFHS-member state high school associations may adopt the 43-feet distance in 2009-10, if desired.

After at least 10 years of debate by committee members, the NFHS has extended the fast-pitch pitching distance to 43 feet. The change to Rule 1-1-2b was made after two member state associations experimented with 43 feet – Florida for four years and Oregon for one year. Coaches surveyed within these states were overwhelmingly supportive of the change.

Creating a better balance between the offense and the defense was the major rationale for the rule change. Experimentation results from both states indicated more batted balls were hit into play.

“Our main thrust is getting the defense more involved,” said Mary Struckhoff, NFHS assistant director and liaison to the Softball Rules Committee. “When more balls are hit into play, the defense is more involved in the game, thus enhancing skill development.”

The second revision (Rule 1-5) concerned bat specifications. The majority of the text is simply reorganized from the current rules book.

“This is primarily an editorial change,“ Struckhoff said. “We just want to be more detailed in our specifications in order to give manufacturers, coaches, players and umpires guidance on what is and is not permissible.”

Another rule revision for next season affects hair devices. An exception was added to Rule 3-2-12, permitting “hard, unadorned devices, such as bobby pins, barrettes and hair clips, no longer than 2 inches, to be worn to control a player’s hair.” The rule was changed to allow players more options.  

“The exception allows players a practical way of dealing with their hair,” Struckhoff said. “The committee didn’t see that hair devices would be a nuisance or would pose undue risk to players.” The change also maintains consistency with NFHS volleyball rules regarding the same issue.

The final rules change concerns how a winning pitcher is determined. The committee altered Rule 9-6-6, changing the required number of innings pitched for a starting pitcher to be credited with a win to “half of the total number of innings played in the game.” The new language gives the starting pitcher the ability to earn a win even if she leaves the pitching position for another defensive position and returns as pitcher later in the game. It also allows greater clarity in determining the winning pitcher when a game is terminated due to the run-rule.

“Softball and baseball are different games and the requirements for a pitcher to be credited with a win should reflect those differences,” Struckhoff said. “In softball, it’s possible for the pitcher to pitch an inning, leave the position and then come back to pitch later in the same game. The change was made to reflect the culture of the sport.”

TRACK AND FIELD RULE CHANGES FOR 2010

Beginning next track and field season, officials no longer will need to interpret the intent of hurdlers who knock over a hurdle by foot during the race. The competitor must attempt to clear the hurdle, but will not be faulted for knocking over the hurdle with his or her foot.

This change to Rule 5-13-2b and 10 other rules were made by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) Track and Field and Cross Country Rules Committee at its annual meeting June 14-16 in Indianapolis . The changes subsequently were approved by the NFHS Board of Directors.

The committee changed Rule 5-13-2b language from “deliberately knocks down any hurdle by hand or foot” to simply “knocks down any hurdle by hand.” Although the words “deliberately” and “foot” have been removed from the rule, competitors must attempt to clear each hurdle.

“The committee decided to take out the issue of determining whether an athlete knocks the hurdle down deliberately or by mistake,” said Becky Oakes, NFHS assistant director and committee liaison. “If the hurdler knocks down one after another after another, then the official can determine that the competitor is not attempting to clear the hurdle. It isn’t to a hurdler’s advantage to hit and deliberately knock down hurdles.”

The committee made several changes affecting competitors in the vertical jumps. A modification to Rule 7-2-11 now allows the use of the previously prohibited bungee cord in place of the crossbar for warm-ups. The committee noted that the bungee cord must be approved by the games committee and must be manufactured specifically for use in track and field for this purpose. In addition, the bungee cord may only be used if the standards for the event are able to accommodate it. Rule 7-5-4 is also affected by this change. The committee added the phrase “or any other equipment which is not legal” to clarify this rule, regarding items not permitted in warm-ups.

Another change affecting pole vault competitors is a modification to Rule 7-5-29g regarding fouls by the competitor. It is no longer a foul when a team member clears the cross bar in the pole vault when the uprights are positioned incorrectly by the officials.

A final modification specifically affecting pole vaulters and high jumpers is a note added to Rule 7-4-6, stating that beginning January 1, 2013, the crossbars in these events must be circular (as opposed to being triangular or square with beveled edges). Rule 7-5-11 is also affected by this change.

Another important change by the committee is a note added to Rule 3-2-4g, which states that designated areas for coaches to observe and confer with their team members must be clearly marked and identified by the host meet management.

“This addresses risk management and fair competition,” Oakes said. “The rule keeps the safety of the athletes and the coaches a priority. If the coaching box is clearly identified with flags or in another way, the coaches can be confident about where they can and cannot be. It will also make it easier for the officials to enforce the rule.”

A change to Rule 3-2-7 states that any television monitoring equipment must be identified and approved by the games committee before the start of the competition.

“The terms and conditions for the meet should always be established before competition starts,” Oakes said.

Following are other changes approved by the committee:

·                    Rule 4-5-8e prohibits communication with the competitor in competition through the use of any device.

•        Rule 4-6-3 states that all heats and/or sections shall use the same starting procedure.

•        Rule 6-5-5 clarifies how a shot put sector should be marked through the stopboard.

•        Rule 3-17-2 specifies the location of the anemometer for all events requiring wind readings.

The committee also identified five points of emphasis for next season: 1) coaching box, 2) pole vault, 3) games committee responsibilities, 4) contestant/competitor and 5) application of “design of uniform” for relays and cross country.

BASKETBALL RULE CHANGES

INDIANAPOLIS , IN ( May 11, 2009 ) — Replay equipment may be used in state high school basketball championships next year to determine the final outcome of games.

In its April 13-15 meeting in Indianapolis, the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) Basketball Rules Committee voted to permit state high school associations to use a replay monitor to review field-goal attempts at the expiration of time in the fourth quarter or any overtime period, but only in games when the last-second attempt would affect the outcome of the game.

This addition to Rule 2-2-1 was one of two major rules changes and five major editorial revisions approved by the Basketball Rules Committee. All changes were subsequently approved by the NFHS Board of Directors.

In response to end-of-game situations in three state championships during the 2007-08 season ( South Carolina , Michigan , Ohio ), the committee decided to give state associations the opportunity to use technology, if available, to assist in making sure that the correct team is awarded the state championship. Replay or game officials will be able to determine if the attempt occurred before time expired (0:00 on clock), and whether the shot was a two-point or three-point attempt.

“Coaches, participants, spectators and media now hold game officials to a higher, almost impossible standard,” said Mary Struckhoff, NFHS assistant director and liaison to the Basketball Rules Committee. “When available, technology should be used to assist game officials and administrators in making the correct call when the outcome of the game hangs in the balance and a team has no further opportunity to overcome a critical error. This change provides state associations that opportunity.”

Although not directly linked to the replay change, the other rule change approved by the committee could enhance the reviews of end-of-game situations. Beginning with the 2009-10 season, if a red light behind the backboard or an LED light on the backboard is present, it is permitted to signal the expiration of time in the quarter/extra period. If no red light/LED light is present, the audible timer’s signal will continue to signal the expiration of time. In the past, use of the red light/LED light was not permitted even in those facilities that had one.

“This change allows the technology to be used if it’s available, and in those situations when replay officials are reviewing end-of-game attempts, the red light/LED light should be helpful,” Struckhoff said. “All other end-of-period rules remain intact.”

Two of the five editorial changes were approved in response to last year’s major rule change in which all players moved up one lane space during a free-throw attempt, thereby leaving the two marked lane spaces closest to the end line vacant.

New language in Rule 9-1-3d states that a player leaves a marked lane space when he or she contacts any part of the court outside the marked lane space (3 feet by 3 feet). A clarification to Rule 9-1-3g indicates that a player occupying a marked lane space must have one foot positioned near the outer edge of the free-throw lane line with the other positioned anywhere within the designated 36-inch lane space.

Struckhoff said these changes were necessitated by players attempting to leave their positions too early to gain a rebound advantage.

The remaining editorial changes are as follows:

Rules 1-13-3, 5-12-5: Clarified that the imaginary rectangle designated the area to be used for time-outs.

Rule 2-12-5NOTE: Clarified when the 20-second interval begins to replace an injured player.

Rule 3-7: Clarified that any item, in the referee’s judgment, that constitutes a safety concern is not permitted.

The committee also adopted five points of emphasis for the upcoming season. The identified topics include traveling, closely guarded, three-seconds, block/charge and free-throw administration.

WRESTLING RULE CHANGES FOR 2010

Five new rules changes for the
2009-10 wrestling season were approved by the National Federation of
State High School Associations (NFHS) Wrestling Rules Committee at its
annual meeting last month in Indianapolis. These changes were
subsequently approved by the NFHS Board of Directors.
"The main focus of the changes was clarifying some rules dealing
with tournaments," said Bob Colgate, NFHS assistant director and liaison
to the Wrestling Rules Committee. "One of the changes also dealt with
improving sportsmanship, which is always a high priority with all NFHS
rules."
Two steps were added in Rule 5-20-5Note to clarify the offensive
starting position. As a part of the steps to assume the offensive
starting position, the offensive wrestler's head must be on or above the
opponent's spinal column, and both wrestlers must become stationary. The
referee still must pause momentarily before blowing the whistle.
In Rule 9-2-2b and c, two new tie-breaker options for dual-meet
competitions have been added as well. First, "The team whose opposing
wrestlers or team personnel have been penalized the greater number of
team point deductions shall be declared the winner." Second, "The team
whose opposing wrestlers were penalized the greater number of match
points for unsportsmanlike conduct during a match shall be declared the
winner."
Colgate said this change eliminates the possibility of a team
that has been penalized the greater number of points for coaches
misconduct or any kind of unsportsmanlike conduct winning a dual meet in
the event of a tie.
In Rule 1-2-1, the committee added: "In individually bracketed
tournaments, the contestant representing a school shall be named by
weight class prior to the conclusion of the weigh-in and no substitution
is allowed after the conclusion of the weigh-in." The rule previously
contradicted two other rules (4-5-6 and 10-2-1), but now all three
guidelines are in concurrence.
The committee clarified, in Rule 4-2-3, that if a designated,
on-site meet physician is present, he or she may examine a wrestler for
communicable skin disease or any other condition, either immediately
prior to or immediately after the weigh-in.
Another rule change provides tournament administrators the
option to weigh-in by either weight class or teams to help with the
organization at tournaments. The revised Rule 4-5-3 adds the following
language: "Tournament weigh-in may proceed by team(s) with the lowest
weight class to the highest and end immediately upon the completion of
the highest weight class."

 SWIMMING RULE CHANGES FOR 2010----

INDIANAPOLIS, IN (April 21, 2009) - Participants in the backstroke event will be able to start the race with their feet placed on the end wall - without the requirement of the feet being under water - beginning with the 2009-10 school year.
The backstroke change was one of eight rules changes approved by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) Swimming and Diving Rules Committee at its March 29-31 meeting in Indianapolis. The revisions were subsequently approved by the NFHS Board of Directors.
Previously, backstroke swimmers were required to have their feet below the water at the start of the race. Beginning next year, the feet may be placed on the end wall as long as the feet, including the toes, are not above or curling over the lip of the gutter or pool edge.
"This change will provide more consistent execution of the backstroke start and reduce the risk of injury," said Becky Oakes, NFHS assistant director and liaison to the Swimming and Diving Rules Committee. "In the past, swimmers had to change starting positions based on the water level from pool to pool. Now, they will be able to place their feet at the same place on the end wall and not have the start affected by water depth."
Although the committee did not adopt a rule with regard to the highly publicized high-tech swimsuits, the subject generated a great deal of discussion. Currently, there is no language in the NFHS rules book regarding these suits that have become popular at all levels of swimming.
"While the committee discussed the popular high-tech suits, there was no official action taken at this time," Oakes said. "The committee will continue to monitor this issue nationwide."
In other rules changes, the committee established the requirements for the first leg of a relay to be recorded as an official time for an individual event when using fully automatic timing (FAT). As an example, the swimmer in the first leg of the 400-yard freestyle relay could record an official time for the 100-meter individual freestyle, providing all requirements for the start, stroke and finish were met.
If the relay team is disqualified on a technical violation, such as a stroke violation by the second, third or fourth swimmers, the first leg would still be considered an official time; however, if the team is disqualified on a conduct violation under Rule 3-5, the first leg of the race would not be considered an official time.
A change in Rule 8-1-7 clarifies how a swimmer legally finishes a race when a touch pad has been dislodged. Oakes said the new language addressed the contact required to finish the race when the touch pad is not in the proper position on the end wall.
A new note to Rule 8-3-5 defines a legal start for the second, third and fourth swimmers of a relay team when an in-water start is used. The rules book covered legal starts for the last three legs of relays that start out of the water but did not define a legal start for those races that commenced in the water.
Following are other rules changes approved by the NFHS Swimming and Diving Rules Committee:
* Rule 2-7-9: It is no longer required, but rather recommended, that the meet score be posted and/or announced throughout the meet.
* Rule 3-3-1: Swimmers are now required to wear one-piece suits. The committee noted that a two-piece suit, as originally allowed in the rules, is outdated as all competition suits are manufactured in one piece.
* Rule 4-1-5: This rule revision allowed swimming and diving officials to dress uniformly, other than all white, as approved by the state association. State associations determine the color of officials' uniforms.
* Rule 4-3-1b, New NOTE: The use of a pistol capable of discharging live ammunition is prohibited for use as the sounding device.
The committee also adopted two points of emphasis for the upcoming season: posting and announcing of meet scores and compliance with entry rules when using electronic meet management.
According to the NFHS 2007-08 High School Athletics Participation Survey, swimming ranks eighth in popularity for girls with 147,197 participants in 6,766 schools. The sport ranks 10th among boys sports with 111,896 participants in 6,428 schools.

Horse-collar Tackle To Be Penalized in High School Football

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Bob Colgate

INDIANAPOLIS, IN (February 13, 2009) - The horse-collar tackle has been added to the list of illegal personal contact fouls in high school football.
This addition to Rule 9-4-3 was one of 10 rules changes approved by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) Football Rules Committee at its January 24-25 meeting in Indianapolis. The rules changes were subsequently approved by the NFHS Board of Directors.
Effective with the 2009 season, it will be illegal to grab the inside back or side collar of the runner's shoulder pads or jersey and subsequently pull the runner to the ground. The penalty will be 15 yards from the succeeding spot.
Julian Tackett, assistant commissioner of the Kentucky High School Athletic Association and chair of the NFHS Football Rules Committee, said the committee felt the need to continue to address risk minimization issues for the runner.
"Risk minimization continues to be one of the most important fundamentals to the rules-writing process of the NFHS," Tackett said. "Though this play does not happen often, we must ensure that our coaches and officials understand the importance of penalizing this act."
Another risk-minimization change in Rule 9-4-3 will make it illegal to grasp an opponent's chin strap, in addition to the opponent's face mask or edge of a helmet opening.
The committee made a significant change in Rule 9-8-3 in an effort to reduce the risk of injury along the sidelines. A maximum of three coaches may be in the restricted area to communicate with players during dead-ball situations. Before the ball becomes live, however, the coaches must retreat into the team box.
Bob Colgate, NFHS assistant director and liaison to the Football Rules Committee, said this rule change results in a 2-yard belt that is clear of team personnel and helps eliminate sideline congestion while helping to minimize the risk for participating players, coaches and officials during live-ball situations.
"There no longer will be an allowance for three coaches to remain in an area adjacent to the sideline when the ball is live," Colgate said. "The results of a three-year experiment were favorable, which led to the committee's support for this rule change in 2009."
A change in Rule 9-8-1g clarifies that the mandatory three-minute warm-up period begins immediately following the conclusion of the halftime intermission. An unsportsmanlike conduct penalty will be assessed to the head coach if the team is not back on the field prior to the start of the warm-up period.
Changes in Rules 7-2-5 and 2-14-2 clarify the numbering-exception rule from when it was originally approved in 1982.
"The definition of a scrimmage-kick formation was clarified to differentiate formations that have been used traditionally for attempting a field goal or kick try from those used for a punt," Colgate said. "In addition, the circumstances under which the numbering exception can be utilized have been changed to clarify what can be done on first, second, third and fourth downs."
Two changes were made in Rule 1 - The Game, Field, Players and Equipment. The committee clarified Rule 1-3-1c regarding the stripes on the football. The change states that the stripes located on the football must be adjacent to and perpendicular to the seam upon which the laces are stitched. In Rule 1-2-3b, a note was added stating that all required field markings must be clearly visible. Further, when other markings such as logos are placed on the field, the required markings shall remain visible.
Other changes approved by the Football Rules Committee:

* Rule 3-3-4b5 - If a penalty resulting in a safety occurs on the last timed down of a period, the period is not extended. The teams will change goals to start the next period.
* Rules 8-2-2, 8-2-3, 8-2-4 (new), 10-5-1f - Three rules were revised and a new article was created regarding penalty enforcement for dead-ball, non-player or unsportsmanlike fouls that occur during or after a touchdown-scoring play. The revisions now allow the offended team, in most situations, the option of enforcing the penalty on the subsequent kickoff. Fouls committed after the initial ready-for-play signal following the touchdown are not affected by this change.
* Rule 9-7-2 Exception: A foul will now occur for illegal batting by the kicking team if it bats a scrimmage kick that has not yet been grounded unless it is batted by the kicking team toward its own goal line.

"Though many of the changes in the rules were subtle clarifications, each of this year's changes ensures that the sound traditions of the game are protected and that student-athlete safety remains our top priority," Tackett said.
In addition, the committee identified six points of emphasis for the 2009 season: Illegal Personal Contact, Blocking and Illegal Blocks, Helmet and Face Mask, Uniforms, Sportsmanship and NFHS Guidelines on Handling Contests During Lightning Disturbances.
 

INDIANAPOLIS, IN (January 23, 2009) - One of several new rules changes adopted by the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) Volleyball Rules Committee will permit head coaches to stand during play. The changes, which were subsequently approved by the NFHS Board of Directors, will take effect with the 2009-10 season.
With volleyball becoming a growing spectator sport, resulting in more noise from crowds, this change to Rules 12-2-6 and 9-1-1 will allow coaches better communication with their players.
"Previously, head coaches were only permitted to stand during a dead ball or time-out. As of the 2009-10 season, coaches may stand in the replacement zone during play," said Becky Oakes, NFHS assistant director and liaison to the Volleyball Rules Committee.
With the head coach gaining the privilege to stand during play, Rule 12-2-5 was revised to clarify when it is appropriate for an assistant coach to stand and the actions he/she may perform.
In another effort to keep up with the growing popularity of the sport and crowd interaction, Rule 3-2-1 was amended to address the
color(s) of an official game ball. The current rule requires a solid white ball for competition. Beginning with the 2010-11 season, teams will now be given the option of using a colored-panel ball. The new ball cannot have more than three colors, one-third of which must be white.
Each panel must be a solid color.
"This rule is fairly well-received by both players and coaches,"
Oakes said, "and will help fans track the ball better, while also adding excitement to the game. Putting this rule into effect during the 2010-11 season will not force schools to adjust their budgets for the upcoming season, and will give the manufacturers time to prepare for placement of the NFHS Authenticating Mark and anticipated demand."
To keep up with the fast pace of the game and provide more exciting rallies, Rule 9-4-5 will now allow any part of the body to be considered legal contact with the ball.
"In years past, the ball was only able to hit a player from the waist up in order to remain in play, but to reward great plays and provide more excitement for players and fans, a legal contact is now acknowledged as a touch of the ball by any part of the player's body,"
Oakes said.
Two changes were made to Rule 5 regarding the deciding set and the second referee's responsibilities.
In Rule 5-3-4d, captains will be called out before the deciding set for the coin toss by the first referee and teams will then be released to their benches. By allowing players to go to their bench rather than the end line during a coin toss, coaches will be able to more efficiently provide instructions and ensure players are ready to take the court for the final set.
In a change to Rule 5-4-3b New 10, the second referee has the responsibility to manage illegal libero replacements.
Rule 10-2-3, the procedure of substituting in and out of the set, will be changed next year. If more than one substitution is occurring, the substitutions shall be made in succession. Only one substitute shall be in the substitution zone at a time, while the second pair waits outside of the zone.
"By having the first substitute ready in the substitution zone, it will help the scorer record who is coming in and out of the game. The second player will be up and ready, but will not be permitted into the substitution zone until the other players have been released," Oakes said.
With a change in Rule 4-1-5, unadorned bobby pins, no longer than 2 inches in length, may be worn to control a player's hair.
"Consistently in the past, hair devices had to be made of soft material to be permitted," Oakes said. "With the high request for bobby pins as a means of controlling longer hair, along with the unlikely event they would cause an accident, they will now be allowed."
The Volleyball Rules Committee also identified editorial changes and points of emphasis for the upcoming season. The four points of emphasis identified for the 2009-10 season include the head coach standing, match officials' responsibilities, ball handling and the libero uniform.
"The main editorial change for the upcoming season is Rule 1-2-1,3, which changes the term 'game' to 'set.' This updates and reflects the current terminology of the sport and replaces all references in the rules to set," Oakes said.
Volleyball is the third-most popular sport for girls at the high school level, according to the 2007-08 NFHS Athletics Participation Survey, with 397,968 participants nationwide. The sport also ranks third in school sponsorship with 15,009 schools sponsoring the sport. In addition, 46,780 boys participate in volleyball at 2,006 schools.


 

High School Sports Participation Increases Again; Boys, Girls and Overall Participation Reach All-time Highs

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE           Contact: Bruce Howard or John Gillis

INDIANAPOLIS, IN (September 4, 2008) — For the 19th consecutive year, the number of student participants in high school athletics increased in 2007-08, according to the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS).

Based on figures from the 50 state high school athletic/activity associations, plus the District of Columbia, that are members of the NFHS, participation for the 2007-08 school year set an all-time high of 7,429,381, according to the 2007-08 High School Athletics Participation Survey conducted by the NFHS. In addition, boys and girls participation figures reached all-time highs, with 3,057,266 girls and 4,372,115 boys participating in 2007-08. The girls figure surpassed the total of 3,021,807 set last year, while the boys figure eclipsed the former record of 4,367,442 set in 1977-78.

Through the survey, it was also determined that 54.8 percent of students enrolled in high schools participate in athletics.

“This is certainly another great report on the interest of high school sports in our nation’s schools,” said NFHS Executive Director Robert F. Kanaby. “The fact that we experienced all-time records for both girls and boys reflects the fact that the high school sports participation experience is more viable than ever and is of great interest to our

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nation’s young people. In addition, the results support the NFHS 2008-2011 Strategic Plan, in which the organization committed to providing stronger leadership and support for high school athletics and fine arts activities.”

Two years ago, the NFHS began a new brand identity emphasis using a communications tag line of “Take Part. Get Set for Life.™” In addition to its chief task of writing playing rules for high school sports, the NFHS is striving to gain awareness and support from state and local governments, media, corporate partners, and especially students and their parents.

Competitive spirit squads gained the most female participants in 2007-08 with 16,130, followed by soccer with 8,913 and cross country with 6,973.

Lacrosse gained the most participants among boys sports in 2007-08 with 11,336, followed by soccer with 5,562, swimming and diving with 5,158 and cross country with 5,042.

In terms of combined participation, the emerging sports of bowling and lacrosse continued their rise in popularity with significant percentage increases. Overall participation in bowling increased 17 percent, while lacrosse participation was up 14 percent.

Basketball remained the most popular sport for girls with 449,450 participants, followed by outdoor track and field (447,520), volleyball (397,968), fast pitch softball (371,293), soccer (346,545), cross country (190,349), tennis (172,455), swimming and diving (147,197), competitive spirit squads (111,307) and golf (69,243).

In boys sports, 11-player football once again topped the list with 1,108,286 participants, followed by basketball (552,935), outdoor track and field (548,821), baseball (478,029), soccer (383,561), wrestling (259,688), cross country (221,109), golf (159,958), tennis (156,285) and swimming and diving (111,896).

Texas held its title as having the most sports participants with 779,049, followed by California (735,497), New York (380,870), Ohio (346,571), Illinois (336,646), Michigan (315,734), Pennsylvania (286,992), New Jersey (256,837), Minnesota (230,068) and Florida (227,157).

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The participation survey has been compiled since 1971 by the NFHS through numbers it receives from its member associations. The complete 2007-08 Participation Survey is available on the NFHS Web site <www.nfhs.org>.

TEN MOST POPULAR BOYS PROGRAMS

Schools                                                                    Participants

1.  Basketball                                       17,861             1.  Football — 11-player                    1,108,286

2.  Track and Field — Outdoor        15,835             2.  Basketball                                       552,935

3.  Baseball                                          15,720             3.  Track and Field — Outdoor          548,821

4.  Football — 11-player                      13,987             4.  Baseball                                          478,029

5.  Golf                                                 13,647             5.  Soccer                                             383,561

6.  Cross Country                                 13,485             6.  Wrestling                                        259,688

7.  Soccer                                             11,122             7.  Cross Country                                 221,109

8.  Wrestling                                        10,090             8.  Golf                                                 159,958

9.  Tennis                                               9,576             9.  Tennis                                             156,285

10.  Swimming and Diving                     6,428             10.  Swimming and Diving                   111,896

TEN MOST POPULAR GIRLS PROGRAMS

Schools                                                        Participants

1.  Basketball                                       17,564             1.  Basketball                                       449,450

2.  Track and Field — Outdoor        15,772             2.  Track and Field — Outdoor             447,520

3.  Volleyball                                        15,009             3.  Volleyball                                        397,968

4.  Softball — Fast Pitch                       14,846             4.  Softball — Fast Pitch                       371,293

5.  Cross Country                                 13,294             5.  Soccer                                             346,545

6.  Soccer                                             10,543             6.  Cross Country                                 190,349

7.  Tennis                                               9,694             7.  Tennis                                             172,455

8.  Golf                                                   9,447             8.  Swimming and Diving                     147,197

9.  Swimming and Diving                       6,766             9.  Competitive Spirit Squads               111,307

10.  Competitive Spirit Squads               4,510             10.  Golf                                                 69,243

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About the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS)

The NFHS, based in Indianapolis, Indiana, is the national leadership organization for high school sports and fine arts activities. Since 1920, the NFHS has led the development of education-based interscholastic sports and fine arts activities that help students succeed in their lives. The NFHS sets direction for the future by building awareness and support, improving the participation experience, establishing consistent standards and rules for competition, and helping those who oversee high school sports and activities. The NFHS writes playing rules for 17 sports for boys and girls at the high school level. Through its 50 member state associations and the District of Columbia, the NFHS reaches more than 18,500 high schools and 11 million participants in high school activity programs, including more than 7 million in high school sports. As the recognized national authority on interscholastic activity programs, the NFHS conducts national meetings;

sanctions interstate events; produces publications for high school coaches, officials and athletic directors; sponsors professional organizations for high school coaches, officials, spirit coaches, speech and debate coaches and music adjudicators; and serves as a national information resource of interscholastic athletics and activities. For more information, visit the NFHS Web site at www.nfhs.org.

MEDIA CONTACTS:       Bruce Howard or John Gillis, 317-972-6900

                                         National Federation of State High School Associations

                                         PO Box 690, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206

                                         bhoward@nfhs.org or jgillis@nfhs.org